Seed Starting 101

Media & containers

• Use a sterile seed-starting mix (peat/coir + perlite/vermiculite).
• Pre-moisten to a “wrung-out sponge” feel; fill cell trays or small pots.

Temperature & light

• Most warm-season crops germinate well at 70–85°F soil temp.
• Provide bright light immediately after emergence (south window, LED shop lights 2–3 in above seedlings, 14–16 hr/day).

Typical germination temperature targets

| Crop | Target Soil Temp | Notes |

|---|---|---|

| Tomato | 70–85°F | Germinates in 4–8 d; light after emergence |

| Pepper | 80–90°F | Slower (7–21 d); bottom heat helps |

| Cucumber | 70–95°F | Fast; avoid root disturbance |

| Squash | 70–95°F | Direct sow after frost if possible |

| Basil | 70–85°F | Light warmth improves uniformity |

| Lettuce | 45–70°F | Prefers cooler; can inhibit >80°F |

Sowing depth

• General rule: 2× seed thickness. Lettuce and many herbs need only a dusting.

Watering seedlings

• Water from the bottom when possible; keep evenly moist, not soggy.
• Provide airflow (small fan) to reduce damping-off.

Hardening off

• 7–10 days before transplant: gradually increase outdoor exposure (shade → dappled → sun; protect from wind).

Stratification & scarification (when needed)

• Many perennials and trees benefit from cold stratification (moist chilling 4–12 weeks).
• Thick or impermeable seed coats (e.g., some passionflower) may benefit from light scarification.